上下意象图式向抽象概念映射的心理现实性研究

A Study on the Psychological Reality of the Up-down Image Schema Mapping of Abstract Concepts

通过考察上下意象图式隐喻的映射机制和形成机制,验证其向抽象概念的映射具有心理现实性。实验一中,学龄期儿童阅读与图式一致材料反应时,较阅读与图式不一致材料反应时短,说明上下意象图式存在于概念水平,并在即时阅读中被激活。实验二中,学龄前幼儿表现出物品摆放的上下方位偏好差异,表明幼儿在概念形成过程中,抽象概念与空间上下方位存在体验性联结。研究证明:部分抽象概念表征具有上下方位线索,人们借助上下意象图式建构抽象概念。

The activation of the up-down image schema on some abstract thought was studied through two experiments. Participants in Experiment 1 were school-age students. The result was that sentences describing arrangements consistent with the ‘up-down＇ image schema were read and judged more quickly than inconsistent ones. In Experiment 2, pre-school participants inclined to put positive things up, and the negative ones down. In conclusion, the up-down image schema of vertically oriented spatial metaphor does exist in human concept systems, including children of kindergarten intermediate class. Moreover, it is necessary to use the cognitive mode of vertically oriented spatial metaphors to comprehend abstract concepts such as states, social status and time. ‘Up＇ is always related to the good, while ‘down＇ is always related to the bad.