启动刺激模糊对单一探测条件下负启动的影响

The Effect of Degraded Prime on Negative Priming in Single Prime and Single Probe Paradigm

以汉语单字词为材料,使用单一启动与单一探测范式,探查清楚和模糊启动汉字在呈现时间比较短暂时,能否发生负启动。结果显示,不论单一启动汉字是清楚还是模糊,也不论启动刺激的呈现时间长还是短,均未发生负启动效应。提示,启动刺激本身变模糊,即使呈现时间短暂依然能够自动微弱地激活大脑中与该词有关的表征,若不能阻止这种微弱激活的扩散也不能发生单一启动与单一探测范式下的负启动。这个结果在一定程度上扩展了Collins和Loftus(1975)所提出的激活扩散理论,也提示,启动词的激活水平和注意的抑制机制对单一启动与单一探测范式中负启动的发生同样重要。

Using Chinese characters as the material and a single stimulus in both prime and probe display, this research tested the possibility of negative priming occurrence when visually intact and degraded characters were presented for a brief duration. The results showed that none of the phenomena of negative priming was observed either When the prime stimulus was visually intact or a degraded character, or the duration time of the prime was longer or shorter, suggesting that even the prime per se was degraded and was presented for brief duration, the presentation relevant to the word in the brain was still rapidly activated automatically. No negative priming could occur in the paradigm of single prime and single probe unless the spread of this slight activation was suppressed. The results supported the ＂spreading activation＂ model, and suggested that the level of activation had the same implication as the inhibition mechanism of attention to the phenomena of negative priming.