儿童对心理特质信息来源的评价

Children's Evaluation of Sources of Information About Psychological Traits

本研究通过两个实验来考察儿童对心理特质信息来源的评价。实验一考察儿童对四种信息来源(自我报告、老师报告、同伴报告和直接观察)的偏好:对于高评价特质而言,所有儿童都更喜欢直接观察而不是自我报告;对于中性特质而言,低年龄组儿童比起直接观察来更喜欢自我报告,而高年龄组儿童则没有显著性差别。实验二是实验一的补充,要求儿童对实验一中所使用的八个心理特质词汇进行评价,进一步验证儿童对自我报告的怀疑的原因:儿童对心理特质词汇理解基本正确,不同年龄组儿童对自我报告的怀疑并不是由于对特质理解的不同造成的。

Children＇s assessment of the value of different sources of information about psychological traits was investigated among 6- to 7-year-olds and 10-to 11-year-olds in two studies. Although all the children liked direct observation most, an age-related shift of traits was observed when children were asked to identify which of the four sources would be most useful： self-report, teacher report, peer report or direct observation. All the children admitted the meanings of highly evaluative words, but had different kinds of understanding of comparison traits.