民用发动机污染排放及低污染燃烧技术发展趋势

Pollutant emission and development of low-emission combustion technology for civil aero engine

针对民用发动机污染排放的现状,介绍了低污染燃烧技术发展概况及趋势,国际民航组织(ICAO)颁布的《航空发动机的排放》标准,以及中国民用航空局(CAAC)对排气污染物的规定,分析了排气污染物的生成机理和主要影响因素以及改善措施.对6种先进低污染燃烧室(分级、变几何、催化、贫油预混预蒸发燃烧室(LPP)、富油燃烧/淬熄/贫油燃烧技术(RQL)以及双环预混旋流(TAPS)等燃烧室)的工作原理与特点、以及应用状况作了简要分析.其中分级燃烧技术构成了先进低污染燃烧室设计的技术基础,而LPP,RQL与TAPS燃烧室为三种很有发展前途的低污染燃烧室.此外,还介绍了贫油直接喷射、燃料电池以及主动燃烧控制等三种新型的低污染燃烧技术,虽然实现这些技术难度较大,但有广阔的应用前景.

Directed against the pollutant emission status of civil aero engine, the devel-opment of low-emissions combustion technology described is done. The standards for inter-national civil aviation organization （ICAO） aircraft engine emissions and regulations of civil aviation administration of China （CAAC） exhaust emission are given. The formation mecha-nisms of exhaust emissions are summarized. Various factors influencing pollutant formation and improved approaches decreasing exhaust emission are discussed. The key features, combustion concept and application of six advanced low-emissions combustors （staged, variable geometry, and catalytic combustor, lean premixed prevaporized （LPP）, rich-burn, quick- mix,lean-burn （RQL） and twin annular premixing swirler （TAPS）） are detailed. In these low-emission combustors, staged combustor is the foundational design scheme LPP, RQL and TAPS combustors have widely developed perspective. Some novel low-emission combustion concept,such as lean direct injection, fuel cell and active combustor control are recom-mended. These new low-emissions technology are very useful, however many formidable problems remain to be solved before the systems can be applied to advanced aircraft engines.