内燃机活塞拍击仿真分析

Simulation analysis of piston slap of internal combustion engine

建立了活塞与缸体拍击的有限元模型,施加边界条件后进行了初步瞬态响应分析,发现缸体表面振动加速度仿真结果与试验吻合,验证了模型的正确性。基于此模型,分析了活塞在气缸内的运动规律,并分别研究了不同曲轴转速下的拍击力变化趋势、活塞销偏置量和活塞间隙对活塞拍击力的影响。结果发现:合适的负偏置和小的活塞间隙有利于降低活塞拍击力;在低转速时燃气爆发时刻的活塞拍击力占主要,高转速时燃气爆发时刻的拍击力相对不明显,为内燃机的性能改进提供了依据。

A finite element model of a piston and a block surface was established. After boundary and work conditions were applied, an initial transient analysis of the model was carried out. The simulation result of vibration acceleration on the block surface conformed well with the experiment, thus validating the model. Based on the model, the motion law of pistons in blocks was studied. The variation trend of the piston slap force, piston clearance on the piston slap force, and the effect of piston pin offset on the piston slap force at different crankshaft speeds were analyzed. Results show that suitable piston pin offset and smaller piston clearance reduce the piston slap force quite well; and the contribution of the piston force at the point when gas breaks out is dominant at low speed, which is not obvious at high speed. The findings provide evidence for the performance improvement of internal combustion engine development.