清代川东三峡移民与三峡民间风俗的嬗变

Qing Dynasty Three Gorges Immigrant in Eastern Sichuan Province and Three Gorges Folk Custom’s Evolution

三峡在历史上一直是一条重要的移民通道,无论是过境三峡的移民还是开发三峡的移民,他们进与出的几次大迁徙,都对三峡文化和风俗习惯造成了多种变化。特别其中清代前期的"湖广填四川"大移民运动以移民数量之巨大,移民来源地、移民分布区之相对集中,而使三峡地区民间风俗发生了深刻嬗变。但三峡地区对移民风俗不是全盘接受,而是进行了地理优选,汇聚于此。对交杂于此多种文明进行了适合本土自然、经济环境与人文生态的文化整合,从而生成了具有三峡本土文化特色的风俗习惯。

Three Gorges are always the important immigration channel in history. Each time Three Gorges＇ immigrants have created many kinds of changes to the Three Gorges culture and the manners and customs. In the earlier period of Qing Dynasty, especially “Huguang fills in Sichuan” the big immigration movement caused the profound evolution of the Three Gorges area folk custom, just because of its huge immigration quantity, its relative centralism of the immigration originates and the immigration distribution area. The Three Gorges area did not totally accept the immigration custom, but carried on the geographic optimal choice, and has carried on cultural conformity suiting the native place nature, the economic environment and the humanities ecology of several kinds of civilizations gathered here, consequently produced the manners and customs that characterized the Three Gorges native culture.