北京城市交通发展的历史思考

Some Historical Comments on Urban Transportation Development of Beijing

首先分析了北京市经济与交通发展的现状，结合统计数据分析总结了交通发展的基本特点．其次，从历史角度分析了不同时期交通发展的特征，根据不同时期的特点，提出将2006年前的北京交通分为四个阶段，即水平较低的非机动化交通主导阶段（1949～1977年）、出行水平增长的公交主导发展阶段（1978～1985年）、出租车主导发展的机动化前期（1985～1995年）以及私家车迅速增长的快速机动化阶段（1996～2006年）．本文以2004年编制的“北京交通发展纲要”提出的交通发展目标和新一轮“城市发展总体规划”为依据，重点分析了2006年以后北京交通面临的新形势和新背景，指出北京目前处于“交通结构优化的战略调整阶段”．最后，作者从当前北京的城市文化环境特点和历史发展经验出发研究了北京市下一步交通政策的基础及基本看法．

This paper first analyzes the state-of-art of urban economy and transportation system, and summarizes the characteristics of transport development based on the statistical data of Beijing. By identifying the differences among under various time periods, it advances a four-phase theory for Beijing transportation before 2006, i.e. non-motorized dominant period with lower trip rate from 1949 to 1977, public transport dominant period with increasing trip rate from 1978 to 1985, preliminary motorized period guided by taxi augment from 1985 to 1995, and motorization stage with rapid development of private cars from 1996 to 2006. From the targets outlined by Beijing Transport Development Program issued in 2004 and updated Urban Development Master-plan, the authors deeply describe the background and situation of Beijing since 2006, and point out that Beijing has entered a new stage of Strategic Adjustment of Transport System Structure. Finally, some suggestions on transport policies aiming to reduce road transport pressures in city centers have been concluded for Beijing during the coming years based on the international experiences and Beijing＇s environmental features.