单次摄药毛发分析的研究进展

Review of Hair Analysis after a Single Dose Administration

"迷药犯罪"是指对被害人下药后实施性侵犯、抢劫、诈骗等犯罪行为。单次摄入的镇静催眠类或迷幻类药物在体内迅速代谢,故难以用血液、尿液检测等常规方法来提供摄药证据,而毛发分析的长检测窗特点在解决这类案件时具有重要的价值。单次摄药的毛发分析要求检测方法有很高的灵敏度,需要用二级质谱检测器进行分析,且从头发采样、去污、水解、提取、分析的各环节均应注意防止污染,避免出现假阳性结果。采集的头发必须进行分段分析,除检测对应案发时间的头发段外,还应把其它头发段的检测结果作为对照,据此对分析结果作出严谨、科学的解释。目前已建立了31种镇静催眠药、6种苯丙胺类衍生物、GHB、硫喷妥及其代谢物戊巴比妥以及乙醇代谢物EtG等的检测方法,可以应用于实际案件的毛发分析。

Drug-facilitated crimes refer to the use of drugs to modify the victim＇s behavior for criminal gains.Drugs used to facilitate crimes can hardly be detected in blood or urine samples,because they can be rapidly cleared from the human body.In contrast,hair analysis boasts longer detection window,thus it has an important application in drug-facilitated crimes.The hair analysis after a single administration requires more sensitive methods,which needs to be carried out by LC-MS/MS or GC-MS/MS.Special attentions must be paid on the decontamination procedures of hair samples,and a negative result should be detected in the distal segments.Up to now,there have been detection or determination methods for 31 benzodiazepines and hypnotics,6 amphetamines and analogues,GHB,thiopental and pentobarbital and EtG in hair.All the methods could be applied to the drug-facilitated cases.