197名大学生的时间管理倾向与父母教养方式的关系

197 College Students' Time Management Disposition and Parenting Styles

目的:探讨父母教养方式对大学生时间管理倾向的影响。方法:运用时间管理倾向量表和父母教养方式问卷对197名大学生施测,半年后进行追踪调查。结果:(1)197名大学生的时间价值感、时间监控观和时间效能感的性别差异不显著。大一学生的时间价值感和时间效能感均高于大二、大三和大四学生(3.9±0.5/3.3±0.6、3.2±0.6、3.4±0.6,P<0.001;3.5±0.4/3.3±0.5、3.1±0.4、3.3±0.4,P=0.010,0.000,0.004)。(2)权威型教养方式下大学生的时间价值感、时间监控观与时间效能感得分均高于专制型和忽视型(3.6±0.6/3.3±0.6、3.3±0.6,P=0.015,0.018;3.2±0.4/3.1±0.3、3.0±0.4,P=0.026,0.000;3.4±0.5/3.2±0.4、3.2±0.5,P=0.022,0.005)。(3)父母教养方式的接受-参与性对时间价值感、时间监控观和时间效能感具有正向预测作用(β=0.32、0.33、0.36),严厉-监督性对时间监控观和时间效能感有正向预测作用(β=0.22、0.14)。(4)专制型教养大学生的时间监控观和忽视型教养大学生的时间效能感得分在半年里均显著降低(3.3±0.3/3.1±0.3、3.5±0.5/3.2±0.4,P=0.007,0.001)。结论:接受-参与性和严厉-监督性对大学生时间管理的水平与稳定性有积极影响,前者的作用相对较大。权威型教养的大学生时间管理优于专制型和忽视型。

Objective： The study examined the influence of parenting styles on time management disposition of college students.Method：The data were collected from 197 college students by time management disposition inventory and parenting styles questionnaire at Time 1,and their time management disposition was investigated at Time 2 half a year later.Results： （1） There was no significant difference in gender,and the freshmen＇s rating of the sense of time value and time efficacy were significantly higher than those of college students from the other grades（3.9±0.5/3.3±0.6,3.2±0.6,3.4±0.6,P〈0.001;3.5±0.4/3.3±0.5,3.1±0.4,3.3±0.4,P=0.010,0.000,0.004）;（2） Students raised in authoritative families scored significantly higher on three dimensions of time management disposition than those who were raised in authoritarian or neglectful families（3.6±0.6/3.3±0.6,3.3±0.6,P=0.015,0.018;3.2±0.4/3.1±0.3,3.0±0.4,P=0.026,0.000;3.4±0.5/3.2±0.4,3.2±0.5,P=0.022,0.005）;（3） Their rating of acceptance/involvement,as one dimension of parenting styles,positively predicted their time management disposition（β=0.32,0.33,0.36）,and their rating of strict supervision and control,as the other dimension positively predicted their sense of time control and time efficacy（β=0.22,0.14）;（4） College students raised in authoritarian families had a decreased rating in the sense of time control half a year later,so did those raised in neglectful families in the sense of time efficacy（3.3±0.3/3.1±0.3,3.5±0.5/3.2±0.4,P=0.007,0.001.Conclusions： Acceptance/involvement and strict supervision and control had positive influence on the level and stability of college students＇ time management,especially the former one.College students raised in authoritative homes scored reasonably better on time management disposition than those who were raised in authoritative or neglectful families.