大兴安岭寒温带地区中小型土壤动物群落特征

Community Characteristics of Mid-micro Soil Animals in Cold-temprate Zone of the Daxing'an Mountains, China

对大兴安岭北部7个代表性森林群落的中小型土壤动物群落进行调查,揭示该地区中小型土壤动物的区系组成状况、生态分布及动态变化规律.研究区共捕获土壤动物61类,12841只,隶属于4门7纲18目44科.其中优势类群4类,即中气门亚目、甲螨亚目、前气门亚目和节跳虫科;常见类群3类,即棘跳虫科、摇蚊科和山跳虫科,两者共占总数量的92·38%.研究结果表明:不同森林群落土壤动物的个体数和类群数分布差异很大,水平分布表现为杨落Ⅱ>白桦Ⅲ>桦杜Ⅰ>蒙古栎Ⅴ>落沼Ⅳ>樟子松Ⅵ>柳草Ⅶ,垂直分布表聚性明显.土壤动物群落的多样性指数(H′)大小为柳草Ⅶ>白桦Ⅲ>落沼Ⅳ>杨落Ⅱ>桦杜Ⅰ>樟子松Ⅵ>蒙古栎Ⅴ.土壤动物个体数的动态变化是10月>8月>6月,类群数变化不如个体数变化明显,主要是8月和10月种类较多,6月较少.多样性指数动态变化表现为8月>6月>10月.大多数群落土壤动物的个体数、类群数和多样性指数的动态变化与总体变化趋势相同.

In order to reveal the fauna component, ecological distribution and dynamic variation, the mld-micro soil animal communities of 7 typical forest ecosystems in the northern Daxing＇an Mountains were investigated. 12 841 mid-micro soil animals of 61 groups were collected and classified into 44 families, 18 orders, 7 classes in 4 phylums. 4 dominant groups of the animals were Mesostigmata, Oribatida, Prostigmata and Isotomidae, while 3 common groups were Onychiuridae, Chironomidae and Pseudachorntidae, all of which acounted for 92.38% of the total. The results suggested that individual and group number of the soil animals varied greatly in different forest communities. Their horizontal distribution was found as in Populus and Larix olgensis Ⅱ 〉 Betula platyphyila Ⅲ〉 Betula platyphyila and Sirnsii planch Ⅰ 〉 Quercus rnongolica Ⅴ 〉 Larix olgertsis and Marsh Ⅳ 〉 Pinus sylvestris Ⅵ 〉 Salix and meadow Ⅶ. The surface gathering of vertical distribution was obvious. The diversity index （ H＇ ） of soil animal community was Salix and meadow Ⅶ 〉 Betula platyphyila Ⅲ 〉 Larix olgensis and Marsh Ⅳ 〉 Opulus and Larix olgensis Ⅱ 〉 Betula platyphyila and Simsii planch Ⅰ 〉 Pinus sylvestris Ⅵ 〉 Quercus rnongolica Ⅴ. The dynamic variation of the soil animal individual number was October 〉 August 〉 June, while that of the group number was less obvious than that of the individual number. The species were found more in August and October, and less in June. The dynamic change of diversity index was August 〉 June 〉 October. The trend of dynamic variations of individual number, group number and diversity index of most communities was similar to that of the whole variation.