数学“四基”中“基本活动经验”的认识与思考

Understanding and Thinking about the Experience of the Fundamental Actions in Mathematics Education

数学活动是人类对待外部世界的一种特殊方式，是人类进行数学抽象与数学应用的实践过程。在数学教学中，数学活动的形式或过程多种多样，但最基本的是“演绎活动”与“归纳活动”。数学活动经验是一种过程性知识，是在数学活动中所形成的一种“活动图式”，主要由感性知识、情绪体验和应用意识3种成分构成。在众多的数学活动经验中，最为基本的是归纳活动经验和演绎活动经验。数学基本活动经验与数学“双基”和“数学基本思想”相互依存，共同构成学生的数学认知结构。

Mathematical actions were a espial method which man treats the outside world. And it was also the process which man carry＇s out the practice of the abstract mathematics and the applied mathematics. In mathematical teaching, its actions and its process were various. But what was the essential were the deductive method and the inductive method. The mathematical action experience was the knowledge of course which was formed an ＂action schemata＂ in it. It was composed of perceptual knowledge, emotional experience and applied consciousness. Among all the mathematical actions, the deductive method and the inductive method were essential. The mathematical essential actions and the mathematical essential thought were interdependent which was composed of the students＇ mathematical knowledge.