胶质芽孢杆菌JXF菌株代谢产物与脱硅作用研究

Metabolites of Bacillus Mucilaginous JXF and Their Desiliconization Effect

采用摇瓶振荡培养和电镜分析,研究了胶质芽孢杆菌JXF菌株在发酵培养过程中产生代谢产物的种类、能力及其对钾长石中硅的浸出效果。结果表明,在含有石英粉的培养基中,JXF菌株可合成有机酸、氨基酸、多糖等代谢产物并析释于发酵液中。发酵液中4种有机酸(草酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸)的含量随发酵时间延长逐渐降低,说明细菌又以它们为营养物进行生长繁殖;在不同发酵期JXF合成的氨基酸种类不同,而无氮或含石英粉的培养基有利于细菌大量合成多糖类物质。代谢产物摇瓶浸矿试验表明,有机酸、氨基酸、多糖等均具有配合矿物中各种金属离子的有机基团并有一定的酸溶作用,均可破坏钾长石晶格结构,并释放出其中的铝、硅。在浸出硅酸盐矿物时,代谢产物具有协同作用,三者的混合物的浸矿效果明显优于它们单独作用时的效果。

The capacity of fermented bacillus mucilaginous JXF to generate metabolites, the metabolite species generated, and their desilication effects for K-feldspar leaching, were studied using shake flask test and TEM analysis. The results show that, in the culture solution with quartz powders, metabolites of JXF strain, such as organic acids, amino acids and polysaccharides can be produced and released to the ferment broth. The contents of the four organic acids（ oxalic, tartaric, citric and malic acids） in the broth decrease along with the fermentation time, which indicates that organic acids were utilized as nutriment facilitating the cultivation and reproduction of bacteria. The species of amino acids generated by JXF strain varied in different fermentation stages, while, the culture solution with quartz powders or without nitrogen favors the mass production of polysaccharides. The flask tests show that, besides their dissolving capacity, the three metabolites contain many organic functional groups that can chelate a variety of metal ions on the minerals, so they can destroy the crystal structure of K-feldspar and release SiO2 and Al2O3 therein. Synergic effect of the three metabolites can be observed when they were introduced for the leaching of silicate ores, as the mixture of them shows superior effect to their single operation.