基于CVM的民勤绿洲生态系统服务价值评估

Ecosystem Services Value Estimates of Minqin Oasis Based on Contingent Valuation Method

在调查石羊河下游生态环境状况的基础上,以非市场物品和服务价值评估的理论-条件价值评估法为依据,以支付卡方法设计了500份调查问卷,实地考察石羊河全流域居民对民勤绿洲生态系统服务退化的补偿意愿,对影响居民支付意愿的影响因素进行了相关分析,提出了在西北地区评估生态服务价值时改进条件价值评估法的一些措施。研究结果表明:全流域68.83%的居民家庭对民勤绿洲生态环境恶化存在补偿意愿,平均最小补偿意愿每户每年为263.06元,民勤绿洲生态环境恶化的经济损失每年至少在1.115×108元以上,未来20年内,在不考虑生态效益折旧的前提下,民勤绿洲生态系统的总服务价值至少为22.3×108元。由于民勤绿洲生态环境恶化具有巨大的负外部效应,因此,仅就石羊河流域居民家庭数量计算得到的民勤绿洲生态环境恶化经济损失,只是对民勤绿洲生态环境恶化的经济损失的保守估计。

The Contingent Valuation Method （CVM） is a direct interview approach that can be used to provide acceptable measures of the economic value of recreation opportunities as well as preservation of natural resources. The contingent valuation methods use simulated （hypothetical） markets to identify values similar to actual markets. The experience gained in U S and Europe for about three decades showed that CV was a promising technique which could potentially help public decision making. Lots of empirical studies conducted in various contexts showed that the approach was well accepted by the general public. The research took Minqin Oasis as to analyze the loss of the economic benefits of degenerated ecosystem service in an impaired river basin, Shiyang river basin, which is the third large inland river basin in northwest China. To obtain accurate The loss of benefit estimated by using CVM technique required The detailed descriptions of the resources being valued.