基于重心模型的中国入境旅游地域结构演变研究

Study on the Regional Structure Change of Chinese Inbound Tourism Based on the Gravity Model

本文运用重力模型,采用1990-2006年中国旅游统计年鉴数据,计算出各年份入境旅游客流、旅游外汇收入的全国和各大区重心位置,结果表明:入境旅游客流重心在经度和纬度方向上表现出一定的阶段波动性,总的变动趋势由低纬度向高纬度的方向移动,接待客流量的南北差距在缩小,东西部差距呈年际波动;旅游外汇收入重心整体呈现由西向东,由北向南规律性移动,旅游外汇收入的南北、东西差距总体进一步加大,近两年出现缩小趋势;入境旅游客流与旅游外汇收入重心在位置上有差异,收入重心在南北方向上较客流重心偏北约2个纬度,在东西方向上收入重心较客流重心偏东约1个经度;七大区的入境旅游客流重心、收入重心空间变化呈现不同的特点,在各个大区内省际之间入境旅游发展存在着不均衡性。

The centre - of - gravity position of the whole nation and every district in different year were calculated by gravity center model based on every province＇s inbound tourism passenger flow and income data from 1990 to 2006. The results showed： ① The centre - of - gravity of passenger flow fluctuated in some stages and it moved to high latitude from the low latitude. The Chinese inbound tourism disparity between the north and the south on reception passenger flow was reducing. ② The income centre -of- gravity moved to the east from the west and to the south from the north. The Chinese inbound tourism income disparity was increased between the north and the south, the east and the west region, but tendency of disparity was reducing in this two years. ③The passenger flow and income position were different. The income centre -of- gravity position was located in the north of passenger flow centre- of- gravity about 2°of latitude. The income centre- of- gravity position was located in the east of passenger flow centre - of - gravity about 1° of longitude. ④In the seven big areas , inbound tourism passenger flow gravity center and the income gravity center show the different characteristics. The development of inbound tourism showed disparity among provinces in every region.