文本内与文本间的基尔戈·特劳特

Kilgore Trout within and between Texts

在库尔特·冯内古特的四部重要小说《上帝保佑你,罗斯沃特先生》、《五号屠场》、《冠军的早餐》和《时震》中,科幻作家基尔戈·特劳特这一虚构人物反复出现。本文从文本内和文本间的两个角度,来考察这种同一人物反复创作手法的意义。作为一种独特的互文性表述法,特劳特在这四部小说构成的"姊妹文本"中的变化轨迹,实际上体现了冯内古特不断变化的创作心理和越来越强烈的文学自省意识。在特劳特的变化过程中,文学的现实功能逐渐弱化,而作家的主体性却逐步得到加强。通过对特劳特的反复塑造,冯内古特在自己的作品系统内部建立了一种以作者意图为主导的互文性关系。这种手法是对一般互文性研究中文本间性凌驾于主体间性的一种反拨,同时对我们理解冯内古特个人的创作思想也具有重要意义。

Science-fiction writer Kilgore Trout appears in the different novels of Kurt Vonnegut,such as God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater, Slaughterhouse-Five, Breakfast of Champions and Timequake. This article examines the special meaning of this repetitive figure in the four important novels, with a further purpose to probe the intertexuality in these four ＂sister-texts＂ connected by Trout. Through the repetitive appearances of Trout, Vonnegut＇ s self-consciousness as the author becomes increasingly obvious. By establishing intertextuality within his own works, Vonnegut foregrounds the author, whose function is underestimated in the general study of intertexuality.