南宋诗话“悟诗”思维向度管窥

A Preliminary Study of the Dimensions of "Poem Interpretation" in Southern Song Dynasty's Notes on Poetry

本文以吕本中、姜夔、严羽的三部诗话为切入点来扫描南宋"悟诗"思维向度(即感悟诗歌意境的艺术思维不同层面之定位),认为:从吕本中"悟入"的思维向度来看,他还处于对山谷非常肯定的阶段,这说明南宋确立江西诗派之初对讲究法度的江西诗派之祖——黄庭坚带来的消极影响还缺乏深刻认识;姜夔倡"自悟"具有相当明显的理论自觉,其"自悟"理论远不止于"革江西诗风"之效应,实在是揭示了中国古代美学之本质问题;严羽在悟诗的思维向度上达到新的水平,其"妙悟"说将悟禅与悟诗统一起来并最终成为南宋悟诗思维向度得以确立的核心所在。

This article examines the dimensions of poem interpretation （i. e. depths of artistic thinking at which poems are appreciated） in the Southern Song Dynasty by looking at the three notes on poetry by Lü Benzhong, Jiang Kui and Yan Yu respectively. Given his dimension of ＂thorough understanding＂, Lü Benzhong is confined to confirming with Shan Gu, showing that people in the Southern Song Dynasty, little realize the negative effect of Huang Tingjian, founder of the disciplined Jiangxi School of Chinese poetry, when the School is first established. ＂Self-understanding＂ advocated by Jiang Kui demonstrates significant theoretical self-awareness. Jiang＇s theory of ＂self-understanding＂ goes far beyond ＂revolutionizing the Jiangxi style＂, it indeed reveals the essence of ancient Chinese aesthetics. Yan Yu reaches a new height in his depth of poem interpretation in that his ＂witticism＂ integrates understanding the Zen and appreciating poems, thus constituting the center of poem interpretation dimensions in the Southern Song Dynasty.