亲子互动治疗方法及研究现状

Current Research Situation of PCIT

目的亲子互动治疗(PCIT)是一种针对儿童干扰性行为障碍的短期的、以实据为基础的干预方法;它以依恋理论、社会学习理论等为基础,分为以孩子为主导的干预(CDI)及以父母为主导的干预(PDI)两个治疗部分。在CDI阶段,治疗师教授父母在与孩子玩耍时使用传统的游戏治疗技术,目标是加强亲子关系,树立儿童的自尊,并增加儿童的亲社会行为;在PDI阶段,治疗师要求父母对儿童提出有效的要求并检查儿童是否服从,同时教与父母对服从与不服从采取相应的适当反应。训练中的关键因素有现场指导、父母与儿童共同参与、训练内容与个体情况相匹配等。同时,PCIT有一套较为完善的针对效果的评估体系。本文还回顾了PCIT在不同种族、具有分离焦虑障碍、发育障碍、遭受躯体虐待等问题儿童或在团体中的运用状况。本文对PCIT的优缺点和在中国的适用情况进行简要述评。

Objective Parent-child interaction therapy （PCIT） is a short-term, evidence-based parent training program for families with children experiencing externalizing behaviors or disruptive behavior. Based on both attachment theory and social learning theory, PCIT can be divided into two phrases of treatment： child-directed interaction（CDI） and parent-directed interaction（PDI） . In the CDI stage the traditional techniques when playing with their child. The objective is to , therapists teach parents to use strengthen parent-child relationship, to improve the child＇ s self-esteem, and to increase children＇ s prosocial behaviour. In the PDI stage, the therapist train parents to raise effective demand and check whether children obey, and educate them to take appropriate responses to child＇ s reaction. The detail essential clinical components and the assessment system of the treatment are introduced. PCIT＇ s involving in the field of different races, child having separation anxiety disorder or development disorder, child suffering physical abuse and group therapy are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of the PCIT and the issue of its using in China are discussed.