不同工龄农民工职业病危害认知调查

Study on Knowledge of Occupational Disease Hazard of Peasant-Worker From Different Working Ages

目的研究农民工对职业病危害的认知现况及不同工龄对认知的影响,为制定重点人群职业病危害预防控制及健康教育策略提供科学依据。方法采取整群抽样方法进行问卷调查,并对不同工龄农民工的职业病相关知识认知情况进行分析。结果农民工对职业病危害因素的不认知率高达21.1%;≤2年工龄农民工对有过敏史、患肺部疾病和贫血的职业禁忌认知率分别为25.6%、33.1%和37.3%,低于2年以上工龄农民工的30.3%、42.9%和41.1%;≤2年工龄的农民工以企业培训方式获得职业病相关知识的获取率为36.9%,低于2年以上工龄农民工的47.6%(P<0.005)。结论农民工对职业危害的认知率普遍较低,工龄在2年以下农民工是职业病危害认知率低下的重点人群;对农民工,尤其是新进企业的农民工职业病危害及其防护知识的培训教育应列入今后企业职业病预防控制工作的重点。

Objective To analyze problems and influential factors of the knowledge of occupational disease hazards of the peasant-workers with different working ages and to explore countermeasures in prevention and control and provide basis for the health education of occupational hazard among peasant-workers. Methods Cluster sampling was used to survey, and then the knowledge status about occupational disease of the peasantworkers with different working ages was analyzed. Results The ignorance rate of the peasant-workers was as high as 21.1% ; Among the workers who worked for less than 2 years, the knowledge rates of occupation-related contraindication such as allergic history, lung disease and anemia were respectively 25.6% , 33.1% , 37.3% significantly lower than 30. 3% , 42.9% and 41.1% in the other peasant-workers （P 〈0. 01 and P 〈 0. 05, respectively） , and 36. 9% of them got the knowledge of occupational diseases from the enterprises training courses, significantly lower than 47.6% in the other peasant-workers （ P 〈 0. 005 ）. Conclusions The peasant- workers are a group with low knowledge rate on occupational hazard. Peasant-workers with working age of ≤2 years are a dangerous crowd with the lowest knowledge rate on occupational disease hazard. It is suggested that the related training and health education about occupational disease hazards and preventive work in peasant-workers with working age of ≤2 years are the most important works to carry out for occupational disease prevention and control at enterprises.