交通运输政府规制供需特质研究

Study on Characters of Supply and Demand of Government Regulation on Transport

将交通运输政府规制看作一种特殊的公共物品,分析交通运输政府规制供给与需求特质。交通运输政府规制的本质属性决定了其供给主体只能是政府,供给机制的决定因素是规制成本而不是价格,规制供给应既针对"垄断"又针对"竞争"。由于宏观层面和微观层面对政府规制的"合理"需求与规制成本呈弱约束关系,以及规制需求本身具有客观性和时效性,决定了交通运输政府规制供需均衡特殊的运行机制。把握这一运行机制对于指导我国交通运输政府规制政策制定具有重要的启示作用和现实意义。

Regarding the government regulation on transport as one kind of special public goods, the paper analyzes special characters of the supply and demand for government regulation on transport. The essence of government regulation on transport determines that government is the only supply body, the dominant factor of its supply mechanism is not the regulation price but the cost, the objects of supply of regulations aim both at ＂monopoly＂ and ＂competition＂.. Because the regulation cost has weak restraint relation with reasonable demands for government regulation on transport on both of the macroscopic and microscopic levels, and the demands itself have characters of objectivity and time-efficiency, the equilibrium of supply and demand in government regulation on transport requires special mechanism. Holding the mechanism is important for guiding the establishment of government regulation and policies on transport in China.