冠心病危险因素分析与护理对策

Risk Factor Analysis of Coronary Heart Disease and Its Nursing Countermeasures

目的从护理专业的角度分析冠心病的危险因素,为临床护理对策提供依据。方法对250例冠状动脉造影患者进行冠心病危险因素的调查分析,并对确诊有/无病变的两组患者进行单因素分析和多因素非条件逐步Logis-tic回归。结果冠状动脉造影显示有病变者174例,无病变者76例。在研究的14个指标中,除体重指数无统计学意义外,其余均有统计学意义;进一步对血压、血糖、血脂、抽烟、饮酒、生活规律、遵医不良等7项危险因素作非条件逐步Logistic回归,其OR值依次为:抽烟OR=2.84,高血脂OR=2.67,高血压OR=1.65,高血糖OR=1.01,生活无规律OR=0.85,饮酒OR=0.67,遵医不良OR=1.16。结论高血压、高血糖、高血脂、抽烟、饮酒、生活无规律、遵医不良等7项危险因素均与冠状动脉病变密切相关,因此有必要在疾病的早期即重视护理干预,如戒烟酒、提倡规律生活、改善遵医行为等,以减少危险因素对冠状动脉的损害。

Objective To analyze the risk factors of coronary heart disease（CHD） from the perspective of nursing, so as to provide evidence for clinical nursing measures. Methods The risk factors were analyzed in 250 CHD patients receiving coronary angiography. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to analyze 2 groups of patients with or without CHD. Results Coronary angiography showed lesions in 174 patients;no lesions were identified in the rest 76 patients. Among the 14 parameters investigated,all had statistical significance except for body weight index. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that smoking was the most relative factor to lesions（ OR = 2.84）, followed by hyperlipidemia（ OR =2.67） and hypertention （ OR = 1. 65 ）. Conclusion The risk factors of CHD include hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia,smoking, drinking,irregular life style and poor exercise of doctor＇s orders. It is necessary to have nursing intervention at an early stage, such as quitting alcohol, regular life, good exercise of doctor＇s orders, so as to reduce the risk for CHD.