冠心病介入治疗患者心理需求的随访调查

A Follow-up Investigation of Psychological Demands in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

目的了解冠心病介入治疗患者的心理需求特点,为制定有针对性的随访干预对策提供依据。方法采用自行编制的心理需求随访问卷对冠心病介入治疗术后的出院患者进行信访调查,共发放问卷3 500份,回收3 398份,其中有效问卷3 265份。结果患者对介入诊断和治疗的态度积极,尽管介入治疗前患者的主观心理体验有紧张焦虑(57.40%)、恐惧(42.55%)、平静(36.11%)、兴奋(10.70%)等,但介入治疗后96.15%的患者认为生活质量得到了改善,对手术效果满意;对首次造影诊断明确即刻行介入治疗的患者,因缺乏接受治疗的心理准备和同期治疗的知识准备,易出现不同程度的心理问题和过度防御反应,影响手术康复;患者认为出院后最希望医院提供的随访方式依次为:电话咨询(69.46%)、定期随访指导(30.17%)、建立病友会交流康复经验(11.98%)、心理咨询(9.80%)等。结论应针对冠心病介入治疗患者的心理特点,将心理健康教育作为促进患者心理康复和形成健康行为的有效手段,帮助患者树立全面康复观念,努力提高生活质量。

Objective To assess the psychological demands of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）,so as to promote optimal therapeutic strategies. Methods A self-administrated psychological questionnaire was distributed to 3500 discharged CAD patients after PCI. Totally 97.09 % of questionnaires were returned and 96.09 % of them were valid. Results The patients had an active attitude toward PCI. The main psychological experience included anxiety（57. 40%）, horror（42. 55%）, and calmness（36. 11%）, excitedness（10. 70%）, and so on. There were 96.15% of patients acknowledged a satisfied acute outcome and improvement of life quality after PCI. However, patients underwent ad hoe PCI for the first time tended to suffer from psychological problems and excessive defense responses due to insufficient psychological and knowledge preparation, which usually influenced rehabilitation. The most favored follow up means were telephone（69. 46%）, follow up at defined interval（30.17%）, establishment of societies for patients to communicate experience（11.98%）, psychological consultation（9.80%）,and so on. Conclusion Psychological education in line with the characteristics of patients undergoing PCI is an important measure in promoting psychological healing and improving life quality in CAD patients after PCI.