波兰尼与波普的科学认识论比较

Comparing Scientific Epistemology between Polanyi and Popper

在20世纪60年代,波普和波兰尼的科学哲学思想就已经蜚声学术界。他们皆以批判逻辑实证主义的认识论为己任,但解决方案却各自独树一帜。波普在学院派的理路上创造性地提出了批判理性主义的证伪学说,而波兰尼则以无拘无束的学术视野提出了革命性的默会认知理论。这两种独具匠心的科学认识论极大丰富了科学哲学思想,并为科学哲学的历史转型以及科学知识社会学的发展奠定了思想基础。本文以二人的科学认识论为基点,深刻剖析二者的不同理论旨趣,并进一步揭示出波兰尼的超越之处。

Popper's and Polanyi's thoughts on Philosophy of Science had become very famous in Western academia since 1960s.Both of them put forward criticism on logical positivism.Popper created a theory of falsificationism based on Critical Rationalism,while Polanyi put forward a revolutionary theory of tacit knowing with wide view.Both two inimitable scientific epistemology enrich the thoughts of Philosophy of Science.They also put a foundation at the historical turning of Philosophy of Science and the development of SSK.Based on scientific epistemology,this paper aims to compare the two different theories and indicate the superiority of Polanyi's theory.