新农村建设公共政策的社会性别分析——兼论社会性别主流化的实现途径

Gender Analysis of Policy on the Construction of New Villages: Ways to Achieve Gender Mainstreaming

公共政策是政府对社会公共利益做出的一种权威性分配,公正性是其本质要求,中国公共政策的公正性应以"实质的平等"为追求目标,注重对弱者的保护。社会性别是分析问题的一种新的理论或方法。将社会性别意识纳入公共政策对于改善女性地位、调整原有的性别利益格局,具有十分重要的意义。本文通过对湖北省DC乡的新农村建设公共政策进行社会性别分析,发现存在着决策层中女性的势单言轻、价值目标中女性的工具化、性别定位中复制传统以及性别中性化的现象,导致新农村建设在推进城乡公正的同时,却忽略了两性的公正,背离了公共政策的"公正性"价值追求。而要推进社会性别的主流化进程,需要赋予妇联监测公共政策的权力,提高女性决策者的数量和影响,对决策者进行社会性别意识的宣传和教育,加强对现实社会性别问题的调查研究。

Public policy means that the government takes into account public interests, achieves the goal of ＂substantive equality,＂ and pays attention to the protection of the weak. Gender is a new perspective or a method to analyze social problems. It is important to raise gender awareness among policy makers and bring a gender perspective in public policy in order to respond to gender issues and improve women＇s status. However, in the public policy of the construction of new villages in DC township of HUBEI province, there is no woman in the decision-making level. Women are regarded as a tool to achieve higher values. Traditional practice is replicated as women are relegated to a subordinate position to men. While the fairness between urban and rural is raised as a value in the construction of new villages, the absence of women in decision making potentially leads to an overlook of gender justice, deviating from a pursuit of ＂impartiality＂ in public policy development. In order to promote gender mainstreaming, local Women＇s Federations should be given the power to monitor public policy, to increase the number and the influence of women in decision-making, to enhance the decision makers＇ gender-awareness and education, and to increase research on gender issues.