同义词在翻译过程中的语义选择

On the Semantic Selection of Near-synonyms in Translation

英汉语中大量同义词的存在可以使人们在语言交际中的表达更加丰富多彩、生动活泼;然而,语义相近的词终究还是存在差异,在翻译过程须从一组同义词中优选一词。从义素分析角度并结合认知语言学的突显观探讨同义词在翻译中的语义选择,并以实例说明英汉互译过程中应保持同义词突显义素的一致性以求最大限度再现原文。

A multitude of near-synonyms in Chinese and English enable the language users to depict the world, external or internal, in a more vivid way. However, there is difference among near-synonyms, which becomes the obstacle to the language users in return. However, the difference between near-synonyms implies the need of making choice among near-synonyms, especially in the process of translating. This paper is intended to discuss the semantic selections of near-synonyms from the perspective of componential analysis and prominence principle. Meanwhile, examples are provided to illustrate that, in the translation process, it is important to employ the lexicon whose prominent component is the same as the source language.