论危害国际环境罪与国家刑事责任

On National Criminal Liability and Unlawful Acts against Certain Internationally Protected Elements of the Environment

国际社会的非强制法律秩序,使国家间密切合作、有效控制危害国际环境犯罪的发生和蔓延存在着重重障碍。特别是确立危害国际环境犯罪主体及刑罚的讨论中,学术界对国家能否成为犯罪主体和应当承担什么样的刑罚争议最多。理论上的不一致带来实践中的不协调,致使由国家实施的或由国家支持和庇护的危害国际环境犯罪难以得到切实有效的惩罚。明确国家作为危害国际环境犯罪主体的国际法依据及其责任的实现途径对深入研究这一课题尤为关键,对我国在对外开放过程中准确把握时机、积极参与国际事务、大力推动国际刑事司法合作、建立有利于我国经济发展和政治稳定的国际和谐秩序具有重要意义。

In the non -compulsory legal order of international communities, each country has to obstacles in enhancing cooperation between countries, effective control on occurrence and spreading face many of unlawful acts against certain internationally protected elements of the environment. Whether a country can be subject of crime and what responsibility they should take have become a hot issue in academic circles. The disagree- ment on subject of crime makes the punishment of unlawful acts fail to be conducted. Therefore, clarifying country as crime subject in law of nations comes to be a key during the research. It also plays a vital role when we grasp proper opportunity in opening to the outside world, internationally criminal and judicatory cooperation, propelling tional harmonious order. participating in international affairs, promoting our economic development and stable international harmonious order.