2007年浙江省布鲁氏菌病疫情及其原因分析

Epidemiological analysis of brucellosis and its cause in Zhejiang province,2007

目的分析浙江省布鲁氏菌病(布病)疫情态势和疫情发生的原因。方法采用虎红平板凝集试验(RBPT)和试管凝集试验(SAT)对全省涉及家畜交易、屠宰、养殖、挤乳和畜产品加工的职业人群进行检测。结果全省12个地市56个县(市、区)共监测重点人群5713人,检出血清学阳性87例,阳性率为1.52%,其中新发病例13例,疫情涉及22个县区。发病季节以冬春季为主,发病年龄为30～59岁劳动力人群,发病与接触病牛羊或羊肉制品有关,医院误诊率为6/13。结论传染源没有彻底清除,大量牲畜从外地引进未得到有效检疫,从业人员自我防护意识淡薄等是疫情上升的主要原因。应加强牲畜流通环节的检疫和管理,做好职业人群的监测和疫情通报工作,开展对专业人员的诊治技术培训,以控制疫情蔓延。

Objective The study was conducted to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis in Zhejiang province and to identify its cause in order to provide evidence for the development of specific preventive strategies in future. Methods The rose bengal plate agglutination test （RBPT） and standard tube agglutination test （SAT） were employed in the detection of brucellosis in the sera samples of high-risk exposure groups associated with livestock transaction, slaughter, cultivation, milking and livestock products in Zhejiang province. Results A total of 5713 high-risk subjects from 56 counties （districts） of 12 cities were examined for brucellosis, and 87 of them were serologically confirmed with the positive rate of 1.52%; 13 of them were newly emerged cases. The epidemic, whose onset was in winter and early spring, had involved 22 counties, affecting the workforce at 30-59 years of age. Contact with cattle, sheep and mutton product was associated with the morbidity. However, 6 of out 13 patients were to be misdiagnosed in hospital. Conclusion It was believed that the epidemic was primarily due to potential infection sources, incompetent quarantine of imported livestock and poor awareness of self-protection among high-risk occupational groups. To better control the brucellosis epidemic, the quarantine and management of livestock importation should be improved; surveillance on high-risk exposure groups and reporting of epidemic should be guaranteed; and training in diagnostic and treating skills for medical professionals should be provided.