不同种植密度和施肥水平对薏苡产量及构成因素的影响

Effects of Different Planting Densities and Fertilizer Supplies on Yield and its Components in Coix (Coix Lachryrma-jobi L.)

采用二因素正交试验方法探讨了不同种植密度和施肥水平对薏苡产量及构成因素的影响。结果表明,提高薏苡产量的种植密度和施肥水平最优组合为行株距90cm×70cm和纯氮25kg、纯磷25kg、纯钾25kg;种植密度对产量的影响最大,适当稀植有利于薏苡每株粒数和百粒重的提高;增加施肥量可显著提高每株粒数、百粒重、有效株数,从而提高产量;当施肥量增加到纯氮30kg、纯磷30kg、纯钾30kg时,会降低产量。每株粒数、百粒重与产量呈极显著正相关,有效株数与产量、每株粒数、百粒重呈极显著负相关;对产量影响最大的因素是每株粒数,其次是百粒重。因此,育种上要首选每株粒数和百粒重高的株系,在栽培上采取措施提高每株粒数和百粒重的基础上要协调好株数与粒数的矛盾,才能使薏苡获得高产。

Effects of different planting densities and fertilizer supplies on yield and its components in coix（Coix Lachryrma-jobi L.）were studied,using two-factor orthogonal design. The results showed that the optimum combinations comprised 90cm×70cm row-spacing,25kg/667m^2 nitrogen （N）,25kg/667m^2 phosphor （P）,25kg/667m^2 potassium （K）,with respects to increasing yield of coix. Planting density exerted great effects on the yield of coix,and properly sparse planting density was in favor of increasing the seed number per plant and 100-seed weight. The increase of fertilizer supplies could heighten significantly the seed number per plant,100-seed weight,the effective number of plants and consequent yield in coix. While the the level of fertilizer supplies amounted to 30kg/667m^2 N,30kg/667m^2 P,30kg/667m^2 K,coix yield would be decreased. The most significantly positive relationship was detected between yield and the seed number per plant,100-seed weight,respectively. However the most significantly negative relationship existed between the effective number of plants and yield,the seed number per plant,100-seed weight,respectively. The seed number per plant played the most effects on yield and followed. Thus,attention was preferentially paid to the lines,which showed high seed number per plant and 100-seed weight,during selection breeding. Based on the increase of the seed number per plant and 100-seed weight,cultivation measures were made to harmonize the relation between plant number and seed number,aiming to increase the yield of coix.