中国微生物肥料研究及应用进展

Current Application Status and Prospect of Microbiological Fertilizer in China

21世纪是一个生态文明的世纪,建设一个资源节约和环境友好型社会已成为这个时代的主题。现代农业技术应用过程中出现的一些生态问题对农业可持续发展已构成严重威胁。实践证明,微生物肥料在绿色有机食品生产、农业生态环境保护以及高产、优质、高效农业的持续发展中发挥着重要作用。微生物肥料中的有效微生物可对植物的生命活动产生特定肥效及生理功能,目前微生物肥料已在中国得到广泛使用。文章综述了中国微生物肥料的发展历史,分类及其主要作用,介绍了微生物肥料在实际生产应用时的注意事项。综合分析了近年来微生物肥料在中国农产品产量提高和品质改良方面的应用实例。进一步探讨了目前中国微生物肥料研究生产应用中存在的主要问题及相关解决措施,同时对中国微生物肥料未来广阔的发展前景作了展望,微生物肥料将在中国农业可持续发展中起到不可替代的作用。

The 21st century is an ecological civilization century,which requires people to construct a resource-saving and environment-friendly society in the near future. The ecological problems resulted by the application of modern agricultural technology have threatened the sustainable development of agriculture severely. The development of microbiological fertilizer could be connected with green organic food safety and environment protection,which display a vital role in the sustainable development of high-yield,high-quality,high-efficiency agriculture. In this paper,the microbiological fertilizer which should have enough amount of microorganisms has been showing special effect and other physiological function on plants. Now many kinds of microbiological fertilizer are used widely in the agricultural practice in China. The development history of microbiological fertilizer was also summarized here. The classification and main function of microbiological fertilizer was reviewed briefly. Some attentions and advices in the actual application of microbiological fertilizer were introduced. Some examples were cited to show the obvious effects of microbiological fertilizer in plants. Some hot problems related to microbiological fertilizer in the research and application are given in this paper. Also some measures for resolving the problems were raised. The tendencies of research and application in microbiological fertilizer are prospected. Finally,this paper emphasized the importance and necessity of microbiological fertilizer in Chinese agricultural developments.