新农村建设中生活污水处理模式探讨

Probe into Household Sewage Treatment in New Rural Construction

分析目前引起农村水环境污染的主要原因:城镇废污水排入河流、乡镇企业直接排放、农村废弃物堆积、生活污水随意排放和农业生产非点源污染等。指出农村生活污水和农业生产非点源污染将成为今后水环境整治的重点和难点。借鉴国外发达国家对于农村生活污水治理的经验,处理技术的选择应充分考虑经济承受能力和生活污水产生特征,选择自然生物处理工艺:以人工湿地和地下土壤渗滤系统为主,结合化粪池、氧化塘、水生植物净化系统等,以地形排水为依据,合理规划集污水区域以及布局相关设施,保证生活污水处理系统长期稳定运行。

The paper analyzes the main reasons of rural water pollution, which may either be caused by direct discharge from town and rural industry wastewater without treatment, or rural household wastewater and non-point source from agriculture. The latter will be become key and difficult point to improve water environment. To reference for experiences of rural water pollution improvement in developed countries, the considerations should be made both rural economic capacity and characters of household wastewater source in the selection of wastewater treatment technology. Natural biologic treatment process should be selected： man-made wetland and soil are used as main treatment system plus septic tank, oxidation pond and submerged aquatic plants etc. On the basis of terrain drainage, reasonable drainage plan and distribution of relative facilities can ensure the system long-term and stable operating.