针对等待敏感顾客的缺货补偿与库存策略研究

Study on backorder incentives and inventory control policies with time-based customer-choice behavior

随着企业竞争的激烈化,顾客对于等待时间越来越敏感,产品对于他的效用不仅与价格有关,而且也与获得该产品的等待时间相关.考虑了等待敏感型顾客的选择行为,针对一个生产与需求过程都存在随机性的企业,研究了差异定价及相应的库存策略.当企业持有库存时,顾客不需要等待;而当企业发生缺货时,如果顾客购买,就需要等待企业生产;企业需针对这两种情况进行差异定价.然而差异定价策略可能导致顾客采取投机的行为.文章首先推导了不存在投机行为时企业的最优策略,分析了企业实行差异定价策略的条件;进一步,还给出了防止投机行为的条件,以及存在投机行为时企业的最优策略.

We study the differential pricing and inventory control policies with time-based customer-choice behavior in a continuous-review setting, where production and demand arrival processes are stochastic. The customer＇ s utility is decreasing in both of the price and the waiting time. To maximize his steady-state average profit, the firm determines a base-stock level, an in-stock price and an out-stock price. However, the differential pricing mechanism may cause speculation. We first present the optimal pricing mechanism and base-stock level when speculation does not exist. Then we derive the conditions under which the firm should adopt the differential pricing strategy. Finally, we provide the conditions to prevent speculation and derive the optimal policy.