弱含水层地下水开采技术

New Technology for Groundwater Exploiting in Weak Aquifer

随着水资源短缺问题的突出和弱含水层采水技术的研发,过去被忽视的弱含水层在缺水地区将成为重要的人畜饮用水水源。传统地下水开采井的工作前提是地下水对抽水井形成相对稳定的连续补给,并且水井的"采"与"补"在时间上同步。弱含水层对传统地下水开采井(管井)的补给速度缓慢,水井的"采"与"补"在时间上难以达到同步,因而不适合用管井开采。弱含水层的开采系统必须同时具备最大限度地汇集地下水和调节供水的功能,才能便于使用。因此对浅层弱含水层宜采用人工挖井开采、虹吸井群开采、群井联合供水开采;对夹层型陡倾层状含水层宜采用定向斜井开采或坑道辐射井开采。

Since the short of water resources is aggravated increasingly worldwide, it will become an important approach to exploit groundwater in weak aquifer in some special regions, which was ignored in the past. Compared with the traditional methods of exploiting groundwater, which are based on the premiss of the equilibrium between the yielding of well and the influx from the aquifer to form a steady flow state in the boreholes, new techniques to gain groundwater from aquitard need to be developed, and the key is both to increase the well ar- ea for groundwater seeping in into full play, and to make enough storage for adjusting the function of water sup- ply. Combining modem excavating technique with the characteristics of the aquitard, several methods have been put forward and discussed in this paper.