远缘鲫(白鲫♀×兴国红鲤♂)与其亲本若干遗传性状比较

Comparative Study on Genetic Characters of Distant Hybridization Crucian (Carassius auratus cuvieri♀×Cyprinus carpio var. singuonensis♂) and Its Parents

目的:为种质鉴定及杂交育种等方面提供理论依据。方法:通过试验,从形态、生长、发育、生化方面比较了远缘鲫(白鲫♀×兴国红鲤♂)与其亲本的若干遗传性状。结果:远缘鲫主要形态特征如体色、鳍条数、腹膜颜色、脊椎骨数目、体长/体高、体长/尾柄高等接近于母本,侧线鳞数、口须、体长/头长、体长/尾柄长等形态特征接近于父本;肌肉必需氨基酸含量9.21%,高于双亲;可食部分大,经济性状优,空壳重/体重平均85.8%,高于双亲;个体增重比白鲫平均快61.5%;远缘鲫雌雄均不育。结论:远缘鲫具有一定的杂合性,是真正的杂种,获得了杂交优势。

Objective： Provides theory basis tor germplasm identification and cross breeding and so on. Method： In order to compare the genetic characters of the distant hybridization cmcian （Carassius auratus cuvieri♀×Cyprinus carpio var.singuonensis♂ ） and its parents, the experiment on morphology, growth, physiology, biochemistry, isozymes and chromosome was performed. Result：It was observed that the distant hybridization cmcian is a matroclinal hybrid according to the majority morphological character such as coloration, fin ray numberon, peritoneum color, vertebrae numberon, standard length/body depth, standard length/caudal peduncle depth etc. and scale numberon lateral line, barbel, standard length/ head length, standard length/caudal peduncle length was similar to Cyprinus carpio var. singuonensis ; Essential amino acid in muscle of distant hybridization crucian is 9.21%, more than in the muscle of its parents; Weight of empty body/body weight of distant hybridization crucian is 85.8%, more than of its parents,the esculent part of distant hybridization crucian was more than the part of its parents, so the economic character was better than the character of its parents; Growth rate of distant hybridization cmcian is 61.5% faster in individual growth than Carassius auratus cuvieri; The female and the male of distant hybridization cmcian were both sterile. Condusion： distant hybridization cmcian has certain heterozygosity, is the genuine hybrid, has obtained the heterosis.