基于自然生态约束的滨湖城市土地利用分区--以无锡市区为例

Land Use Zoning in Urban Lakeshore Areas based on Natural and Ecological Restrictions:A Case Study of Wuxi City

为了协调区域土地利用与生态环境建设,本文在借鉴已有各种区划方法的基础上,将自然生态条件和资源环境状况作为区域土地利用的约束条件,提出了基于自然生态约束的滨湖城市土地利用分区方法,并讨论了评价单元的划分、指标选择与处理等技术。以无锡市区为例,通过生态服务功能和生态敏感性两方面评价,将研究区域划分为高、较高、中等和低四级自然生态约束类型区,并提出各类型分区的土地利用布局导向和管制措施,为滨湖城市土地资源优化配置提供科学依据。

In urban areas around Taihu Lake, land use has changed greatly, threatening ecosystem health and negatively affecting water quality, with frequent outbreaks of blue algae. The future use of land resources must be coordinated with needs for ecosystem protection. We consider natural and ecological conditions, resources and environmental status to develop restrictions for land use. This paper utilizes land use zoning based on natural and ecological restrictions as a scientific basis for a regulatory framework, with discussion of methods, types and indices for land use zoning. We assess the evaluation indices and application of GIS technology such as spatial analysis, data processing, and clustering for the calculation of natural-ecological restriction values. Wuxi City is used as a case study, and divided into grid cells at a scale of l km ~ 1 km. The relative restriction values represent the necessity for ecosystem protection and preservation of the natural environment, and are composed of indices for ecosystem services and ecological vulnerability. Ecosystem services represent benefits obtained directly or indirectly from the natural environment, including conservation benefits from water sources, biodiversity, and special ecological environments as well as natural and cultural heritage. The selected indices for ecological vulnerability include ground sedimentation, flood risk, water environmental risks, terrain elevation, and soil quality to represent disaster risk, environmental carrying capacity and ecological costs. The region is divided into four types according to natural and ecological restriction values from high to low, and policies for spatial governance are described for each type. Regions with low restrictions should be designated for highly- intensive land use, while regions with high natural-ecological restrictions and which are difficult to exploit should function to maintain the ecological environment and diminish the pressure on natural resources. These results provide a scientific framework for optimizing the distribution of land use, and demonstrate a scientific methodology for regionalized spatial development. With respect to zoning methods, the key factor influencing scientific reliability of the results is the selection and weighting of factors, which vary with different spatial measures and for different areas. Therefore, a scientific impact evaluation of a regional ecosystem should be based on detailed knowledge of all factors.