小儿颈部囊性病变的高频超声诊断与鉴别诊断

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of high frequency ultrasonography in cervical cystic lesions of children

目的:探讨小儿颈部囊性病变的高频超声表现特征。方法:搜集42例经手术病理证实的颈部囊性病变,均行超声检查,回顾性分析其超声特点。结果:甲状舌管囊肿19例(45.24%),颈淋巴管瘤15例(35.71%),鳃裂囊肿8例(19.05%)。颈部囊性病变各有其好发部位,且病变具有一定的超声特征。甲状舌管囊肿多见于颈中线附近、舌骨上下;淋巴管瘤多见于颈侧部、锁骨上,范围较广;腮裂囊肿多见于中上侧颈部。甲状舌管囊肿及鳃裂囊肿呈单房性,淋巴管瘤多为多房性。结论:超声检查可清晰显示病变的大小、形态和延伸范围,多数能定性诊断,对颈部囊性病变具有重要的诊断和鉴别诊断价值。

Objective： To investigate the high resolution ultrasonographic manifestations of cervical cystic lesions in children. Methods： The uhrasonographic findings of 42 cases with cervical cystic lesions pathologically proved were analyzed retrospectively in all cases. Results： Thyroglossal duct cyst comprised 45.24%（19/42）, lymphangioma 35.71%（15/42）, branchial cleft cyst 19.05%（8/42）. Each kind of the cystic lesions had its predilection site and ultrasonic features. Most of the thyroglossal duct cyst were found adjacent to median line and hyoid bone; lymphangioma in lateral part or above the clavicle, and extended widely; and branchial cleft cyst usually located at upper or middle part of the neck. Most of the thyroglossal duct cyst and branchial cleft cyst were monolocular, while lymphangioma was multilocular. Conclusion： Uhrasonography can display the size, shape and extent of cervical cystic lesions clearly. Ultrasonography is accurate and reliable in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cervical cystic lesions.