基于更新信息的两级供应链双向期权合同研究

Study on bidirectional options contract for two-stage supply chain based on updating information

研究一个供应商和一个零售商组成两级供应链系统,在不确定性需求实现前,零售商能获取不确定性需求更新信息,零售商直接从供应商处购买确实已订量以及期权量,供应商有两次生产机会满足零售商订购需求.在分散控制系统中给出零售商最优双向期权订购策略和供应商最优生产策略,得出:双向期权能改善成员对不确定性需求响应程度,鼓励双方间风险共享,改善成员收益函数.在采用双向期权和回购合同相结合的分散控制系统中,给出期权价格和回购价格最优值,指出协调合同能增加零售商收益.

The study is based on the environment involving a single supplier and a retailer. The retailer can obtain uncertain demand updating information before the demand realizes. The retailer can purchase firm orders and options orders from the supplier directly. The supplier has two produce opportunities to meet the retailer＇s orders. The optimal bidirectional option replenishment policies for the retailer and the optimal production policy for the supplier are driven in the decentralized system, which shows that the bidirectional options can improve supply chain responsiveness to change in the business environment, encourage risk sharing, and improve the members＇ profits. The paper also disscusses how bidirectional options and buyback contracts can be used to align the incentives of the partners, and increases the expected profits of the retailer.