大豆地方品种遗传结构及其保存研究

Genetic Structure and Conservation of Soybean Landraces

我国具有丰富的地方品种,但在大豆育种中利用率较低,这与对地方品种的保存和鉴定研究较少有关。通过利用全基因组SSR标记扫描的方法对地方品种羊眼豆和毛豆进行纯度鉴定,旨在为地方品种的纯化及遗传完整性的保存提供科学依据。结果表明:羊眼豆在502个SSR标记位点的多态性为44.8%,毛豆在405个SSR标记位点的多态性为41.2%;检测2个地方品种纯度所需的最少标记数和种子粒数分别为3个标记和4粒种子;根据遗传一致性分别对2个地方品种进行聚类,在相似系数为0.85时,均被分为3个组。因此,这2个地方品种纯度较低,根据遗传一致性分组情况,对两个地方品种的一组进行提纯后作为一个品种保存,而另外2个组则可分别作为2个不同的地方品种保存其遗传完整性。

There are abundant soybean landraces in China, but few of them has been utilized in breeding program because of insufficient identification. In this study, two landraces of Yangyandou and Maodou were analyzed for their identity in order to provide instruction of purification and genetic integrity conservation of soybean landraces. The genomewide SSR markers screening was used to analyze two landraces. Results showed（ i ） 44.8% of the 502 selected SSR markers showed polymorphism in Yangyandou and 167 of the 405 SSR markers showed polymorphism which accounted for 41.2% in Maodou ; （ ii ） The minimum numbers of SSR markers and individual seed to determine the purity of two landraces were 3 and 4 respectively; （iii ） Based on the cluster analysis, the two landraces could be segregated into 3 groups when the identity coefficient was at the level of 0.85. Results suggest that the purity of the two landrace are at low level. According to the genetic identity, one of the three groups could be utilized for one landrace and the others two groups could be separated as two different genetic integrity preservations for each of two landraces.