黄淮地区大豆种质对疫霉根腐病的抗性分析

Resistance of Soybean Germplasm to Phytohpthora in Huanhuai Valley

由大豆疫霉菌引起的大豆疫霉根腐病是严重影响大豆生产的毁灭性病害之一,防治该病唯一经济、有效和环境安全的方法是利用抗病品种。利用7个具有不同毒力公式的大豆疫霉菌株,对黄淮夏大豆产区的96个大豆品种(系)进行接种鉴定,96个大豆品种(系)对7个大豆疫霉菌株共产生38种反应型,有4种反应型分别与单个抗病基因的反应型一致,有10种反应型与2个已知基因组合的反应型相同,有5种反应型与3个已知基因组合的反应型相同,其它反应型为新的类型。根据"基因对基因"学说,抗病基因的推导结果有7个品种可能含有Rps3a,有4个品种可能含有Rps3b,有1个品种可能含有Rps3c,有5个品种可能含有Rps7,有一些品种可能含有国际上尚未命名的新的抗病基因。聚类分析结果表明,在以相似系数0.691聚类,96个大豆品种可以分成8类。研究结果为大豆抗病育种选择亲本和利用品种布局进行大豆疫霉根腐病生态控制提供了依据。

Phytophthora root rot caused by Phytophthora sojae is a destructive disease for soybeans [ Glycine max（ L. ） Merr. ] throughout the soybean production regions of world. Utilization of resistant varieties is the most economical and environmentally safe method for controlling disease. Ninty- six soybean cultivars or lines from Huanhuai valley were evaluated for their responses to 7 strains of P. sojae using the hypocotyls inoculation technique. The objectives of this study were to investigate the distribution and diversity of Phytophthora-resistant soybean and identify sources that confer resistance to multiple strains for implementation into breeding programs. Ninty- six cultivars or lines elicited 38 different reaction types with the 7 strains of the pathogen. Among them,four reaction types accorded to that of single gene, ten reaction types were consistent with two gene combinations,five reaction types were consistent with three gene combinations and the others were new reaction type s. The number of cultivars, which probably carried gene Rps3 a, Rps3 b, Rps3 c, Rps7, was 7,4,1, and 5, respectively. Some cultivars or lines possibly carry new Rps genes that are effective to control Phytophthora root rot of soybean in China. These accessions may provide sources of resistance for control of Phytophthora root rot in the future. Cluster analysis produced 8 groups at 0. 691. The results are useful in grouping genetically related cultivars for soybean breeding to P. sojae control and to select parental germplasm with differential resistant gene.