施肥处理对菜用大豆和普通大豆品质形成的影响

Effect of Different Fertilizer Levels on Quality of Vegetable-type and Grain-type Soybeans

菜用大豆生产在东北地区乃至全国都在不断发展,为了给菜用大豆配套生产提供理论依据,探讨菜用大豆和普通大豆的特异性,以普通大豆品种2个、引进菜用品种4个为试材,探讨施肥处理对不同类型大豆籽粒品质形成的影响。结果表明:就不同类型品种来说,普通大豆品种铁丰29号的品质最好,菜用大豆品种沈农引133的品质最好。T2磷酸二铵施肥处理使各品种的蛋白质含量提高,而T3磷酸二铵施肥处理使各品种的蛋白质含量降低;T2和T3磷酸二铵施肥处理使各品种的脂肪含量、蛋脂总量、可溶性糖含量提高。在不同施肥处理下,籽粒脂肪积累呈"S"型曲线。同样施肥水平下,菜用大豆的蛋白质和可溶性糖含量高于普通大豆,而脂肪含量低于普通大豆。蛋白质含量与磷酸二铵施用量呈负相关,脂肪含量与磷酸二铵施用量呈显著正相关,蛋脂总量、可溶性糖含量与磷酸二铵施用量呈不显著的正相关。

The production of vegetable soybean has been developing in Northeast China, even in the countrywide. To investigate the effect of fertilizer on quality formation and to discuss the different features between vegetable- type and grain- type soybeans, two grain- type soybean cultivars Shennong 8 and Tiefeng 29, and four vegetable soybean cultivars Shennongyin 108, Shennongyln 122, Shennongyln 132, and Shennongyin 133 were adopted, three diammonium phosphate fertilizer treatment of 0 kg·hm^2（T1 ） ,150 kg·hm^2 （T2） ,and 300 kg·hm^-2 （T3） were used. The dynamic change of protein,fat,total content of protein and fat, soluable sugar in soybean seed were determined. Results showed that Tiefeng 29 and Shennongyln 133 had the best quality among grain-type and vegetable-type soybeans, respectively. Compared with T1, T2 could increase the seed protein content, while T3 could decrease it. The treatments of T2 and T3 could increase the seed fat content, protein and fat content and soluble sugar content. The fat accumulation in vegetable soybean seeds showed typical＂ S＂ curve. Under the same fertilizer level, the protein content and soluble sugar content of vegetable soybean was higher than that of grain- type soybean, while fat content of vegetable soybean was lower than that of grain- type soybean. The content of protein showed a negative correlation with the application amount of diammonium phosphate, while the content of fat showed a positive correlation, the total protein and fat contents had a significant positive correlation and the soluble sugar contents showed a positive correlation.