不同施肥／土地利用方式对黑土细菌多样性的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization and Land Use History on the Bacterial Diversity in Black Soils

微生物多样性是表征土壤质量变化的敏感指标。为探讨黑土生态系统转变过程中土壤微生物多样性变化,应用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)方法对黑土区3种生态系统和豆田3种施肥制度下土壤细菌多样性进行了初步研究。结果表明:土壤细菌多样性以草地(GE)最高,其细菌丰富度(S)和Shannon多样性指数均高于农田(CK)和裸地(BE);在豆田土壤中,长期不施肥(CK)的土壤细菌丰富度和Shannon多样性指数最高,其次为长期化肥配施有机肥(NPM),长期单施化肥(NP)最低。UPGMA聚类分析表明,NP与CK处理细菌的群落结构相似,相似性系数达到65.5%,NPM与GE和BE处理细菌的群落结构相似,相似性系数分别为52.5%和57.3%。

Soil managements such as fertilization and land use history can affect soil quality, and the whilst biology diversity is a sensitive indicator of it. To discuss the change of soil microbial diversity with the evolvement of the soil ecosystems ,the method of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） was applied to study the diversity of soll bacteria in the three black soil ecosystems and soybean fields which were applied three fertilizers. The results showed that the bacteria diversity of grassland ecosystem （GE）is the highest, and the bacteria richness （S） and shannon diversity index were higher than those of agricultural ecosystem（CK） and bare land ecosystem（BE） ;soil bacteria richness and shannon diversity index of soybean fields with no fertilization for the long-term（CK） were the highest,followed by chemical fertilizers for the long-term with farmyard manure（NPM） ,those of the application of chemical fertilizer（NP） alone were the lowest, respectively. UPGMA clustering analysis showed that bacterial communities of CK and NP belonged to one cluster,the similarity coefficient was 65.5% ,that bacterial communities of NPM was similar to that of GE and BE,the similarity coefficients were 52.5% and 57.3%, respectively.