民族主义与人道主义的交织：1923年上海民间团体的抵制日货与赈济日灾

Nationalism Mingled with Humanitarianism:Shanghai Non-Governmental Organizations'Boycotting Imports from Japan and Relieving Japanese in the Disaster Area in 1923

1923年是中日民间外交史上的一个特殊年份,相继发生的两个重大历史事件摆在中国面前。一方面,日本政府援引"二十一条",拒绝归还租期届满的旅顺、大连;另一方面,日本东京、横滨等地在9月初发生了史元前例的大地震,造成了重大伤亡。从前者来说,日本政府的霸道行径,自然激起了中国民间强烈的民族主义情绪,上海等地民间团体掀起了声势浩大的抵制日货运动,这在一定程度上打击了日本对华贸易;对于后者,中国民间对关东大地震给日本人民所造成的巨大损失表达了深切同情,理性地将日本侵略者与日本人民区分开来,上海各团体纷纷提供物质援助与精神慰藉,发起了规模广泛的赈济日灾活动。从抵制日货到赈济日灾,这两个看似抵触的活动交织在一起,演奏出一曲悦耳的理性民族主义与人道主义的交响曲。上海民间团体赈济日灾的善举,高扬了中国自古以来悠久的"救灾恤邻"的人道传统,诠释了人道主义的普世价值,使中华民族站在人类道德的制高点上;同时,赈济日灾活动的开展,也使得以经济民族主义为诉求的抵制日货运动更趋理性。

1923 is a special year in the history of people-to-people diplomacy between China and Japan. the following two important events were in front of Chinese people. On the one hand, Japan government, quoting from ＂Twenty-One Clauses＂, refused to return expiring Lvshun port and Dalian City. On the other hand, a serious earthquake without precedent in history took place in Tokyo and Yokohama, etc, and lots of people were injures and dead. The might act of Japan government aroused strong Anti-Japanese national sentiments in Chinese people, and a great boycott of Japanese foods was held in the big city, as for Shanghai. To a certain extent, Japan＇s trade with China decreased. And deep sympathy to heavy loss of Tokyo earthquake was expressed by civil society, Chinese people distinguished rationally Japanese aggressors from Japanese people, and material assistance and sprit support were offered by civil society in Shanghai, the relief activities to Japan disaster was held wide in scale. Boycotting and relieving Japan, which seemed contradictory each other, mingled with and a moving nationalism and humanitarianism symphony was eventuated. Civil society＇s boycotting Japan foods and relief Japanese in disaster area were done alternately, not only the traditional spirit relieving the people in disaster area and giving relief to the neighbour when they were in trouble was carried forward, but also the value of humanitarianism was annotated, and made Chinese nation stand the commanding point of human ethics. The relief activities made the boycott Japan foods which aim was the economic nationalism was developed rationally.