作为修辞行为的“新词语”发布——基于“2006年汉语新词语”知晓度测试的分析

The Release of "New Words and Expressions " by Way of Rhetoric Behavior——The Analysis of the Test of Understanding Degree about "Chinese New Words and Expressions in 2006"

任何言语行为都是修辞行为,任何修辞行为总是与一定的"说话者"相联系的,新词语的"发布"行为同样如此,不同的身份发布新词语的社会意义并不相同。最近,《中国语言生活状况报告(2006)》课题组发布了171条2006年汉语新词语,引起媒体、读者和专家的广泛关注,网上的声音一半是"不懂",一半是"质疑"。对于这些"新词语",我们作了"知晓度测试",发现其平均接触率、使用率和理解率都超乎寻常的低。对于这样的"新词语",需要密切关注,应该及时发布,但是以什么身份发布,面向谁发布,却是值得思考的。面向整个语言共同体,尤其是在语言政策主管部门领导下的机构面向整个语言共同体发布新词语,不能不注意其流通度和知晓度问题,发布知晓度过低的新词语客观上很可能成为一种"推介行为",这也许是发布者始料未及的。

All speech behaviors are rhetoric behaviors, and any rhetoric behavior always relates with certain ＂talker＂ . The ＂release＂ of new words and expressions has to comply with the same principle, and new words and expressions＇s social meaning is not same if they are released by different identities. Recent- ly, the problem group of Language Situation in China： 2006 has released 171 pieces of Chinese new words and expressions in 2006. It has caused mediums, readers and experts＇ extensive concerns. The voices on the net can be divided into two halves. One is ＂do not understand＂, and the other is ＂query＂. So we made the test of ＂understanding degree＂ about these ＂new words and expressions＂ and find that their average contact rate, utilization rate and comprehension rate is much lower than usual. These new words and ex- pressions need to be closely concerned and should be released in time. And it should be thought carefully about who to release and face who. When the organization especially under the leadership of the department in charge of language policy is going to release new words and expressions in the face of the whole language community, it have to notice the problems about circulating degree and understanding degree. The release of new words and expressions whose understanding degree is much low likely become a kind of ＂ popularization behavior＂ from the objective angle. And this perhaps is not anticipated by the promulgators at the beginning.