栎林及其经营

OAK (Quercus L.) STAND AND ITS MANAGEMENT

本文主要论述了河北低山丘陵区自建国以来封育及被反复砍伐利用的栎林结构及其经营情况。仅山海关林场保存了一些30～50a生的栎林,阳坡为麻栎、栓皮栎及柞栎林,阴坡为蒙古栎林。林内幼树更新良好。萌生栎林早期生长迅速,10a后高生长逐渐减缓,50a生林分平均高才10m.1a生萌生栎林,每亩产枝干干重28.5～425kg不等。在土壤为中层-厚层厚度的条件下,栎林矮林作业轮伐期以3～5a为宜。采伐35～40a生栎林,每年每亩平均产值要略高于短轮伐期的栎林。在较好的立地条件下,还可采用选留木法的矮林作业,形成轮伐期不一致的具有2个林层的栎林。

t In the paper, the authors mainly discuss the structure and management of oak stands which were raised through closing mountains to human activities and then were repeatedly felled in lower hilly land in Hebei since the foundation of the People's Republic of China. Now,only some of 30 to 40 year-old oak stands are still preserved in Shanhaiguan Forest Faim. There were sawtooth oak(Quercus acutissima Corr.),oriental oak (Q. Variab-ilis BL.)and daimnyo oak (Q. dentata Thunb, ) stands on the south slope of hill, and mongolian oak ( Q. mongolica Fisch ) stand on the north slope. The sapling regeneration in the stands appeared good. The oak coppices grew rapidly at early stage, but the height growth slowed down gradually after ten years, and the mean height of the 50 year-old stand was only 10 m. The one year-old oak coppices produced 26.5 to 425 kg (dry weight ) of stem and branches per mu. On the sites with middle and deep soil layers the recommended rotation age of oak coppice system is 3-5 years. When the oak stand was felled at 30 to 40 year-old, the output value per year per mu is a little higher than that of the oak stand felled at short rotation age. On the better sites the coppice system with standards can be used to form two sloried oak stand with different rotation ages.