近50年来我国东、西部地面气温和降水变化对比的初步分析

Comparison of Surface Air Temperatures and Precipitation in Eastern and Western China during 1951—2003

利用1951—2003年我国160个气象站月平均地面气温和降水资料,分析了我国东、西部气温和降水变化趋势的异同,并讨论了其可能原因。结果表明:我国东、西部地区年、季平均气温变化有较好的一致性,降水变化则有一定差异。近50年来,我国东、西部年平均气温均呈升温趋势,降水从1950年代开始减少,至1990年代又增加。东部年平均气温的增暖趋势大于西部,降水受大气环流影响较大。

Based on the monthly mean surface air temperature and precipitation data of 160 stations in China during 1951--2003, the consistencies and differences of the trends in surface air temperatures and precipitation over eastern and western China and their causes are analyzed and discussed. The results showed that there were close connections and consistency in variations of annual and seasonal mean surface air temperatures in eastern and western China, precipitation change was a curved tendency. The warming trends in the eastern and the western China were all significant, the precipitation decreased in 1950ts, and increased after 1990ts. The consistency of warming trend in eastern and western China suggests that the surface air temperatures in both eastern and western China were influenced by global warming. Whereas, the fact that the warming trend in eastern China is more obvious than that in western China, it implies that topography also plays an important role in regional temperature variations. Atmospheric circulation plays an important role in precipitation change.