有限自制力的理论假设及相关研究

A Limited Resource Model of Self-Control and the Relevant Studies

自我控制与理性和谐的生活秩序息息相关。近十年来关于自我控制的研究表明,自制力类似于肌肉的力量,是有限而易消耗的,休息后能自动恢复;为了克服有限的资源与无限的需要的矛盾,个体倾向于有选择地使用宝贵的自制力资源;通过预期、启动等途径能在一定程度上降低自制力消耗的效应,通过锻炼能够有效地提升自制力的强度。未来的研究最重要的是找到直接测量自制力资源的途径,确立有限自制力理论的说服力。

Self-control is vitally related with reasonable and harmonious living order. In the last decade, research about self-control indicated that self-control strength is similar to the energy of muscle. For overcoming the conflict of limited resources with the infinite demand, people tend to use the invaluable self-control recourses selectively. Expectancy and priming can lower the effect of self-control depletion to some extent, and exercises can higher the strength of self-control effectively. The most important aspect of the future research is to develop a direct measure of self-control recourses, and establish the conviction of the limited self-control strength.