浅论植物种质、种质资源、品系和品种的概念及使用

Simple Introduction to Germplasm, Germplasm Resource, Strain and Cultivar of Plant

种质、种质资源、品系和品种等是农学、林学中常用的基本术语,但是长期以来,很多科技文章反映出对这些术语概念模糊,混淆,理解不尽一致。本文以文献为基础,概述了这四个术语的定义:种质指亲代能够传递给子代的遗传物质;种质资源指一切能够繁殖的具有一定种质的生物体;品系指在育种工作中使用的遗传性状稳定一致且来自于共同祖先的一个群体;品种是在生产上推广利用的为某一或某些专门目的而选择的,具有一致、稳定和明显区别的性状,而且经采用适当的方式繁殖后,这些性状仍能保持下来的一些植物的集合体。文章还对这四个术语的异同点和相互关系进行分析,并对术语的使用提出建议。

Germplasm, germplasm resource, strain and cultivar are importantterms and fundamental concepts in agronomy and forestry, but there are various descriptions of their definitions in different articles. Based on a great deal of literature, the four terms definitions were summarized then. The conclusions were following： 1） germplasm was genetical material that is transmitted from parents to offspring; 2） all reproducible organisms were germplasm resources for they possess genetical material; 3） strain was a collection that was used directly as experimental accession in the area of plant breeding, and all members, with same parentage, have similar and steady character; 4） cultivar, one producer in agriculture, was a collection （population） that have been deliberately selected or bred and almost all of them have one or more characteristics that are distinct from those of their relations and can be kept under appropriate reproduction. In addition, the interrelation, similarities and difference of the four terms were analyzed and the opinion on usage of them was given.