当代俄罗斯民族主义

Contemporary Russian Nationalism

俄罗斯民族主义是一个复杂的政治现象,具有自己的历史惯性和鲜明特点。苏联解体和俄罗斯社会转型所引发的强烈的民族主义倾向在普京执政期间成为俄罗斯的主流社会政治思潮,它表现为温和的民族主义、激进的民族主义和极端的民族主义等三种形态。其中普京所引导的国家民族主义是温和民族主义的主要代表,也是当代俄罗斯民族主义的主流;而以帝国思想为主要内容的激进民族主义和以种族排斥为主要内容的极端民族主义虽然处于边缘的位置,但是对俄罗斯社会的影响非常巨大。俄罗斯的民族主义在转型期间虽然具有整合国家和社会的作用,但由于历史和现实的原因而容易染上攻击性、保守性和工具性等负面特点,对国家的发展带来不利的影响。

Russian nationalism is a complicated political phenomenon. It has its own historical stamina and distinctive features. The strong nationalist tendency sparked by the disintegration of the USSR and the social transition in Russia evolved into the mainstream social political trend of thought during the Putin governance period and found expression in the three forms of nationalism: mild,radical and extreme. State nationalism led by Putin is the principal representative of mild nationalism and also the mainstream of contemporary Russian nationalism while radical nationalism based on imperialist ideology and extreme nationalism based on racist exclusionism,though marginalized,are of tremendous impact on Russian society. Despite its role in integrating the state and society in the transitional period,Russian nationalism brings unfavorable impact on state development due to its negative offensive,conservative and instrumental effects in the past and present.