普通语言学的发展规律

The Development Law of the General Linguistics

普通语言学的发展经历了传统语文学、历史比较语言学、描写结构语言学、解释结构语言学(转换生成语法)以及当代的认知语言学等五个阶段。这五个阶段之间有着天然的联系,表现在后一学派的创始人通常都曾师从前一学派的导师,后一学派的语言学理论是对前一学派理论的"扬弃"而来。普通语言学的发展遵循从历时到共时,从个别到一般,从描述到解释的规律。

General Linguistics has witnessed the following stages of development, namely, the traditional philology, historical comparative linguistics, descriptive structural linguistics, explanatory structural linguistics （The Transformative and Generative Grammar） and the explanatory cognitive linguistics. The inner connection between the stages can be shown from the fact that the founder of the latter phase of linguisitics is one member of the former one and the latter stage is brought forth by a sublating process of the former one. This article reveals that the law of development in General linguistics by the description of several cases of revolting of students to teachers in the course of linguistic development, which undergoes a process from diachronic study to synchronic study, from individual study to general one, from description to explanation.