过去定向者认知加工特点的实验研究

An Experimental Research of Cognitive Processing Characteristics of the Past-Time-Orientation Individuals

时间定向是个人行为和思想所偏好的方向,主要指向过去的客体和事件。本实验以148名大学生为被试,采用2(高过去定向组,低过去定向组)×2(自我参照,他人参照)×2(消极的过去信息,积极的过去信息)混合设计考察了过去定向者认知加工的特点。结果表明:高过去定向的个体对有关自我的过去信息加工深度深,能产生较好的回忆;并倾向于优先加工与自我有关的消极信息。过去定向者的认知加工具有类似自我图式的性质。对产生该效应的可能原因进行了讨论,并指出今后进一步研究的方向。

Past time orientation is the direction of individual＇s behavior and thinking, which mainly refers to past objects and events. This research uses 2 （high past-orientation team, low past-orientation team）× 2（self-referred team, others- referred team）× 2（negative past information, positive past information） mixed design to explore the characteristics about past-orientation individuals＇cognitive processing. Results show that individuals with past orientation tend to process past information about self more deeply and recall more information. They tend to process negative self information at first. Individuals with past orientation process information in the same way as individuals with self-schema. The possible reasons and further research are also discussed.