自动与控制计时系统脑机制研究

The Brain Mechanism of Automatic and Controlled Timing System

脑成像与神经心理学的研究均提供了存在自动计时系统与控制计时系统的证据。对时间信息自动加工的研究表明,自动计时系统与运动系统关系密切,均包含小脑、基底神经节和辅助运动区。对时间信息控制加工的研究表明,包括背外侧前额叶皮质的额叶-纹状体回路为认知控制计时系统与工作记忆的基础,时间信息加工的注意调节系统较复杂,涉及区域主要包括前辅助运动区、右岛盖、顶叶、前扣带皮质。自动加工与控制加工并不是截然分离的,两个系统激活区域和激活强度存在差异,两个系统时间范围不存在清晰的分界点。

The evidences of automatic and controlled timing systems are proposed form the fields of imaging and neuropsychology. The study on automatic process of temporal information shows that the automatic timing system has close relationship with motor system. The two systems contain both cerebellum, basal ganglia, and supplementary motor area. The study on controlled process of temporal information shows that frontal striatal circuits including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is considered as basis of controlled timing system and working memory. The attentional modulation system of time includes pre-supplementary motor area, right frontal operculum, parietal lobe, and anterior cingulate cortex. There are also differences in active patterns such as area and intensity, and not clear temporal borderline between automatic and controlled timing systems.