生态补偿理论、方法研究进展

Advances in theory and methodology of ecological compensation

对近年来国内外生态补偿的概念内涵、理论依据、补偿标准、补偿模式和补偿效应评价等多方面研究内容做了梳理和评析,进而对国内生态补偿研究提出几点展望,包括生态补偿的GIS时空分配模型、风险式补偿和差别化补偿、补偿模式的系统整合研究、模式选择模型和补偿预期效率研究、补偿社会经济效果和环境影响评价研究,并结合我国建设生态友好型社会和区域共同发展的需要角度,提出了开展符合我国生态国情的区域生态补偿理论与方法研究的必要性和基本内容。

In the latter half of 20th century, human developed their ability of reconstructing physical world dramatically. Inevitably, the corresponding phenomenon of resources degradation, environmental deterioration and human health damage became more and more grievous decades by decades. Ecological compensation theory grown in the soil of sustainable development and became the common understanding of international circles. In the circumstance of constructing the resource-effective and environment-friendly society in recent years, the conception of ecological compensation had come into common use in the Chinese public policies, which also was the focus of international academia. The article summarized the developing process and general situation of the study on ecological compensation. Furthermore, the authors analyzed and evaluated the advances in ecological compensation, including conception, theory origin, criterion, mode and effect of native and international. In conclusion, the authors pointed out that domestic researches were localized on the aspects of the theoretic discuss, compensation monetary standard and policy mode plan. Four deficiencies of domestic researches should be improved ： （ 1 ） the synthetical study of multi-regional and multi-department compensation; （2） the study on spatio-temporal distribution and grade partition; （3） feasibility and effect evaluation and （4） efficiency and detailed implement plan analysis. Subsequently, the authors gave out several prospects for further study, those were ： （ 1 ） GIS spatio-temporal scheme model of ecological compensation; （2） the risk compensation and diverse compensation; （3） quantitative societal-economic effect and eco-environmental impact assessment study; （4） compensation inclination analysis; （5） compensation of multi- regional carbon emission and so on. At length, the authors pointed out the eco-compensation mechanism was the requirement for eco-friendly society establishment and inter-regional co-prosperity in China, and analyzed the necessity and basic content for the study of regional eco-compensation theory and methodology in accordance with national ecological situation in China.